Phase 0: bootstrap Rust workspace

- Cargo workspace with 6 crates: shared, storaged, catalogd, queryd, aibridge, gateway
- shared: types (DatasetId, ObjectRef, SchemaFingerprint, DatasetManifest) + error enum
- gateway: Axum HTTP entrypoint with nested service routers + tracing
- All services expose /health stubs
- justfile with build/test/run recipes
- PRD, phase tracker, and ADR docs

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

crates/catalogd/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "catalogd"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+shared = { path = "../shared" }
+tokio = { workspace = true }
+axum = { workspace = true }
+serde = { workspace = true }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
+tracing = { workspace = true }